The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) plays a crucial role in promoting regional integration, economic development and political stability in West Africa. In addition to safeguarding the region against economic and geopolitical challenges, ECOWAS must also address the growing threat of Russian interference, exemplified by the Wagner Group’s activities in the Sahel and Russia’s propaganda machine. Understanding the significance of a strong ECOWAS is paramount in countering these threats and securing the region’s future.
ECOWAS serves as a platform for member states to cooperate economically, fostering growth, integration and investment in the region. Through initiatives such as the ECOWAS Trade Liberalisation Scheme, free movement protocols and the Common External Tariff, the organisation has facilitated trade and reduced barriers, promoting economic interconnectedness among its member nations. A robust ECOWAS allows for the pooling of resources, knowledge sharing and the development of a common market, bringing market access and collective bargaining power to regional businesses.
From a geopolitical standpoint, ECOWAS is pivotal in maintaining stability and resolving conflicts within the region. The organisation has effectively intervened in various conflicts, such as in Liberia, Sierra Leone and Ivory Coast, with its peacekeeping initiatives being instrumental in maintaining peace and security. By fostering dialogue and providing a platform for diplomatic negotiations, ECOWAS has helped prevent the escalation of tensions and the spillover of conflicts in neighbouring countries.
The rising presence of Russia in West Africa poses significant threats to regional stability. Russia’s extensive election interference efforts, aimed at exploiting divisions and influencing political outcomes, undermine the sovereignty and democratic processes of ECOWAS member states. These activities pose a severe threat to both local and regional governance, allowing external actors to influence leadership choices to suit their own interests.
Furthermore, the Wagner Group, a Russian paramilitary organisation, has expanded its operations into the Sahel. This involvement exacerbates existing security challenges in the region, particularly porous borders. The Wagner Group’s activities range from recruitment of mercenaries, providing military support to different factions and exploiting local resources; further destabilising the already fragile security situation.
A strong ECOWAS is crucial in effectively countering Russian interference and propaganda. By strengthening democratic institutions, promoting independent media and conducting fair and transparent elections, ECOWAS can mitigate external influences seeking to manipulate the region’s political landscape. Enhancing cyber resilience and investing in cybersecurity measures will also reduce susceptibilities to foreign influence.
ECOWAS should work towards fostering more robust intelligence sharing and cooperation among member states, allowing for the identification and monitoring of Russian activities. By developing joint defence strategies and deploying multinational peacekeeping forces, ECOWAS can better combat the Wagner Group’s destabilising activities and address border security concerns.
Additionally, ECOWAS should invest in capacity building and education programmes to enhance media literacy, critical thinking and awareness among citizens. By equipping individuals with the tools to identify and refute propaganda, ECOWAS can build a more resilient society, capable of resisting manipulative narratives.
A strong ECOWAS is vital not only from an economic and geopolitical standpoint but also in countering Russian threats to the region. By facilitating economic integration, maintaining peace and countering political interference and propaganda, ECOWAS can protect the interests and sovereignty of its member states. Collaboration, intelligence sharing and investment in education are key elements that will enable ECOWAS to address these challenges effectively. Only through a united and strengthened effort can ECOWAS chart a course for a stronger, more prosperous and secure West Africa.
• Dr. Githua is a teacher of International Relations, Diplomacy and Security Analyst at Strathmore University of Nairobi, Kenya.
